Linux Commands

Basic Linux Commands

Navigation and Directory Management:

pwd: Print working directory.

ls: List directory contents.

cd [directory]: Change directory.

mkdir [directory]: Create a new directory.

rmdir [directory]: Remove an empty directory.

rm -r [directory]: Remove a directory and its contents recursively.

File Operations: 

touch [file]: Create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file.

cp [source] [destination]: Copy files or directories.

mv [source] [destination]: Move or rename files or directories.

rm [file]: Remove files.

Viewing and Editing Files: 

cat [file]: Concatenate and display file content.

more [file] or less [file]: View file content with pagination.

head [file]: Display the first 10 lines of a file.

tail [file]: Display the last 10 lines of a file.

nano [file] or vi [file]: Edit files using nano or vi editors.

System Information:

System Status 

df: Display disk space usage.

du: Display disk usage of files and directories.

free: Display memory usage.

top: Display real-time system processes.

uname -a: Display system information.

User and Permission Management: 

whoami: Display the current logged-in user.

id: Display user identity.

chmod [permissions] [file]: Change file permissions.

chown [owner]:[group] [file]: Change file owner and group.

Network Operations:

Networking

ifconfig: Configure network interfaces.

ping [host]: Check network connectivity to a host.

wget [url]: Download files from the internet.

curl [url]: Transfer data from or to a server.

Process Management:

Process Control

ps: Display currently running processes.

kill [pid]: Terminate a process by its process ID.

killall [process_name]: Terminate all processes with the given name.

jobs: List active jobs.

bg: Resume a suspended job in the background.

fg: Bring a background job to the foreground.

File Search:

Searching

find [path] -name [name]: Find files by name.

grep [pattern] [file]: Search for a pattern in a file.

locate [name]: Find files by name using a pre-built database.

which [command]: Locate a command.

Package Management (Debian-based systems like Ubuntu):

Package Installation and Management

sudo apt update: Update package lists.

sudo apt upgrade: Upgrade all installed packages.

sudo apt install [package]: Install a package.

sudo apt remove [package]: Remove a package.

sudo apt autoremove: Remove unnecessary packages.